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Glossary

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TermExplanation
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3-2-1-1-0 ruleBackup strategy: at least 3 copies, on 2 types of media, with 1 off-site and 1 offline or immutable, and 0 errors on restore.
A
Air-gapped backupA backup that is fully separated, physically or over the network, from the production environment.
B
BaaS (Backup-as-a-Service)A backup service where the provider handles infrastructure, monitoring, and often recovery too.
C
CLOUD ActA US law that can, under certain conditions, give US authorities access to data belonging to US companies, even if that data is stored outside the US.
ComplianceDemonstrably meeting laws, regulations, or standards, such as GDPR, the Dutch Cybersecurity Act (Cbw), or ISO 27001.
Compliance mode / governance modeTwo modes of Object Lock. In compliance mode, no one can remove the lock; in governance mode, accounts with special permissions can.
Cybersecurity Act (Cyberbeveiligingswet, Cbw)The Dutch law that implements the EU directive NIS2; in force since 15 August 2026.
D
Data location (data residency)The country or region where data is physically stored; partly determines which jurisdiction applies.
Disaster recovery (DR)The broader process of restoring systems and data after a major disruption; backup is one part of it.
DRaaSDisaster-Recovery-as-a-Service: a service where the provider also handles recovery of complete systems.
E
Egress costsCosts a cloud service charges for downloading or restoring data; often underestimated when comparing prices.
EndpointAn end-user device, such as a laptop or workstation.
G
GDPRGeneral Data Protection Regulation: EU privacy law, also applicable to personal data in backups.
I
Immutable storageStorage where data cannot be modified or deleted for a set period.
ISO 27001An international standard for information security; certification shows an organization manages security risks in a structured way.
M
Managed backupA backup service where the provider takes over management, monitoring, and recovery.
MSPManaged Service Provider: an IT service provider that manages clients' systems, often including backup.
Multi-tenantA single platform on which multiple customers are managed separately; relevant for MSPs.
N
NEN 7510A Dutch standard for information security in healthcare.
NIS2An EU directive (EU) 2022/2555 with requirements for cybersecurity, incident reporting, and business continuity; implemented in the Netherlands via the Dutch Cybersecurity Act (Cbw).
O
Object Lock / WORMA technique where data is written once and then cannot be overwritten or deleted within a retention period (Write Once, Read Many).
R
RansomwareMalicious software that encrypts data and only releases it after payment (with no guarantee).
RPORecovery Point Objective: the maximum acceptable data loss, expressed in time.
RTORecovery Time Objective: the maximum time recovery may take.
S
SaaSSoftware-as-a-Service, such as Microsoft 365.
Self-service backupA backup service where the customer manages configuration, monitoring, and recovery themselves.
SLAService Level Agreement: a contractual agreement covering, for example, availability, response time, and recovery.
T
TCOTotal Cost of Ownership: total cost over the contract term, including licenses, storage, management, and recovery.